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Inflation driven by pandemic and Putin’s war evades simplistic political solutions

Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland delivers a speech to business leaders in Gatineau, Que., Monday, Oct. 17, 2022. Photo by The Canadian Press/Adrian Wyld

Whether it’s access to a government limousine or a cabinet minister's paycheque, there are plenty of perks associated with being in power. The ability to trade in simple answers to complicated questions, however, is not one of them. That’s particularly true for Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland right now, as she tries to contend with an inflationary crisis she didn’t create — and can’t solve.

Any significant attempt right now to help Canadians contend with the rising cost of their mortgages, groceries and gasoline would be like trying to put a fire out with gasoline. The best course of action, at least from a policy perspective, is to simply let it die out — and hope the cold water being dumped on inflation by the Bank of Canada works as quickly as possible.

“We cannot compensate every single Canadian for all of inflation driven by a global pandemic and by Putin’s invasion of Ukraine,” she said recently. “To do so would only make inflation worse, and force the Bank of Canada to raise interest rates even higher.”

Her political opponents, on the other hand, are not nearly as constrained when it comes to their preferred diagnoses of and treatments for Canada’s inflationary fever.

For months now, then-leadership candidate and now Conservative Party of Canada Leader Pierre Poilievre has been trying to make “Justinflation” a thing, with his repeated attacks on the federal government’s spending patterns and the Bank of Canada’s role in abetting them. Never mind that Canada has one of the lower inflation rates among G7 countries, or that the spending Poilievre delights in vilifying helped stave off an outright economic depression. In the minds of many Canadians, Justin Trudeau is now personally responsible for the inflation that’s showing up on their bills.

Opinion: Any significant attempt right now to help Canadians contend with #inflation would be like trying to put a fire out with gasoline. @maxfawcett writes for @NatObserver. #cdnpoli #InterestRates

Jagmeet Singh, the leader of the NDP, has a different theory for all of this: “greedflation.” The moniker is clearly inspired by Poilievre’s portmanteau, and it too draws on his party’s preferred scapegoat. For Singh and the NDP, inflation is a function of corporate greed, an attitude that’s personified by Loblaws CEO Galen Weston Jr. and his empire of grocery stores. “The top 3 grocery stores profited over $900 million in the last quarter,” Singh tweeted on Sept. 26. “We must confront CEO greed with a windfalls tax.”

There are few people in Canada who present as inviting a political target as Weston Jr., the heir to a fortune and the face of rising grocery bills. But as University of Calgary economist Trevor Tombe noted in a recent analysis, a deeper dive into the data shows food stores and food manufacturing have lower profit margins this year than last. Weston Jr.’s own company, for example, reported a net profit margin of 3.04 per cent in the second quarter of 2022, and 3.03 per cent during the same period in 2021. “Their rising profits are due entirely to rising sales,” Tombe writes, “not increasingly uncompetitive behaviour as some suggest.”

Instead, the increase in overall corporate profit margins is being driven by something beyond our borders: soaring oil and gas prices. “The entire increase in average markups in Canada is related to rising global energy and commodity prices,” Tombe writes. And while it’s tempting to suggest our oil and gas companies are engaged in profiteering, Tombe says the evidence doesn’t support that conclusion. “Producers in Canada are largely price takers and while they benefit from high prices, they are not the cause of them.”

This sort of sober-minded analysis will almost certainly fall on deaf ears. Simple solutions, even if they’re incorrect, are the order of the day right now, and that’s especially true for our opposition parties. Witness the ongoing attack on the Bank of Canada, one that’s been joined in recent days by Singh. During a recent appearance on CTV’s Question Period Sunday, he suggested that there was “absolutely no merit to their approach” of raising interest rates to fight inflation.

Rob Gillezeau, an assistant professor of economics at the University of Toronto, doesn’t have a lot of time for this approach. “I understand that politicians are tempted to try to secure votes by appealing to those who face costs associated with rising rates,” he tweeted, “but they're damaging our core institutions in the process and making it more likely that inflation sticks around.”

This is the curse of government, and of governing: there aren’t nearly as many votes to be won by defending institutions as there are in tearing them down. It’s much easier for opposition politicians to destroy than to create, more natural for them to criticize than co-operate. But the hard truth here is that there is no painless or easy way to bring inflation down. If there was, you can be sure the government would have already done it.

If there’s a saving grace, it’s that most economists believe we’re closer to the end of this fight than the beginning. After the Bank of Canada’s latest hike, it will almost certainly pause — and might well begin preparing to move in the other direction.

If that happens, the government will get no credit for showing restraint and holding its fire. And opposition politicians will pay no price for their various attempts to blame a global phenomenon on their domestic scapegoat of choice or undermine our institutions in order to advance their own interests. But as Canadians, and as voters, we should be mindful of how our elected officials treat complicated public policy issues — and whether we want to reward the ones who trade exclusively in simplistic solutions.

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