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Fire has a role to play in life and restoration

The Okanagan is one of the most fire-prone areas in Canada. Photo courtesy of the National Film Board of Canada.

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“If you could imagine fire as a creature or a force, how would you describe it?” asked filmmakers Nova Ami and Velcrow Ripper while filming their documentary Incandescence. Fire is like a pig, someone answered, because it eats everything in sight; fire is like a grizzly bear, another responded, running to stay alive.

These unconventional characterizations of fire weren’t the only thing that surprised Ami and Ripper while shooting their film. While fire is often described as a force of unrelenting destruction, they learned fire can also breathe life into the forest if treated with respect.

Methods for responding to and preventing wildfires are evolving along with attitudes toward it.

“They're starting to realize that constantly putting out fires is not always the best approach,” Ripper said.

The idea to create a documentary about wildfire came to Ami and Ripper in late 2018 after wildfires in Williams Lake. B.C. sent smoke all the way to Vancouver. While these wildfires were a big deal at the time, they just foreshadowed more extreme fires that followed, like the Quebec blazes that compromised air quality in New York City, the 2021 fire that destroyed Lytton and the fire last summer that decimated Jasper National Park in Alberta.

“Every season was becoming the most intense fire season,” Ami said.

Ripper says these massive fires are not healthy for an ecosystem. Megafires are “not normal,” or part of the natural cycle, he said. They’re created by climate change caused by burning fossil fuels which trigger global warming. Our forests are now breeding grounds for megafires which are more pervasive and extreme than 50 years ago.

Megafires have burned through vast swaths of Canadian forests since Ami and Ripper conceived the film in 2018. As a response to these fires, Indigenous preventive practices of cultural burning and prescribed fires have started to become more mainstream — and this is one topic in the film.

Before settlers arrived in North America, Indigenous communities used cultural burning as a tool to maintain the land. This type of burning is a low-intensity fire to clear out the underbrush that serves as fuel for a forest fire. Cultural burning was banned and criminalized for many years by the Canadian government, giving this kindling a lot of time to build up.

These mega-wildfires we've been experiencing over the past few years are “not normal.” Mega fires are not part of the natural cycle, they’re created by climate change, by our excessive use of carbon.

While this is not the primary reason behind megafires, reinstating cultural burning can be an important tool for prevention and managing underbrush accumulation.

Otherwise, “when fires do come through, there's all this fuel, and we have these megafires,” Ripper said.

But in careful doses, fires can aid ecosystem health; there are trees and medicinal plants that will only grow in the presence of fire.

The filmmakers were on the scene of the rebuilding of communities in the Okanagan after the wildfire. They captured how communities come together to survive and rebuild afterward, Ripper said.

“There's the period before the wildfires where it's life as normal, and there's the pending threat, and then there's the actual time during the acute emergency where people are coming together,” Ripper said.

The filmmakers were moved by the tremendous amount of mutual aid and support where communities collaborated to help other people, animals and the ecosystem. For example, animal rescue services rushed to help evacuate farm animals and pets ahead of the McDougall Creek wildfire fire. Afterward, they came back to feed animals that survived.

Ami hopes the documentary will show how communities are affected after the fire goes out.

“We hear about the fire, and then we don't hear about the people afterwards,” she said. “Hopefully people will feel a connection with communities that have been impacted and how their lives change.”

A big takeaway is that community is one of the most important forces of resilience to wildfires, Ripper said. 

“What we discovered in making this film was the strength of community and how we need to celebrate our community. We need to build our community, and we need to know who our neighbours are and get to know them and look out for the most vulnerable,” he said. “That's how we're going to get through these crises — together, not hiding out in our bunkers, but actually coming together and strengthening our communities.”

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